Are you diligent about counting your carbs? Every gram matters when you are aiming for a very low daily intake.
You are probably already careful about checking food labels, weighing your food, and keeping a food diary.
But even if you track all your food, your carb counting might be incorrect. Inaccurate calculations can push you well above your recommended daily limit.
These common mistakes can distort your figures and derail your progress. But they are easy to avoid – as long as you are aware of them.
Net carbs – quick recap
Let’s start with a quick recap of the basics.
Not all carbohydrates are created equal. Some of them – mostly fibre and sugar alcohols (polyols) – are not digestible.
When you eat these foods, you are technically consuming carbs. But they don’t get absorbed by your body. There is no effect on your blood glucose or calorie intake.
For low-carb diet purposes, we only count the carbs that are digestible. They are referred to as net carbs.
Checking information about total carbs is easy. You can find it on food labels, diet tracking apps and online food databases.
Problems usually arise when people start to calculate net carbs.
Net carbs mistake 1 – Ignoring regional differences in food labels
Different countries have different rules on food labelling – especially when it comes to carbohydrates and fibre. When we access recipes and food data online, we might be unaware of these differences.
In USA, food packaging and food databases show the total count of carbohydrates for each food. Fibre count is included separately. So you can calculate the number of net carbs as follows:
Total carbs – fibre = net carbs
Most authors of low-carb diet books and blogs are American. So you have probably come across this formula, even if you are not American.
But this formula does NOT work in Europe, Australia and Oceania.
In those parts of the world, food labelling regulations are different. The total carbohydrates number on packaging shows digestible carbs only. The fibre count has already been excluded.
If you subtract the fibre again from the carbs figure, you will end up with an incorrect net carbs count. It will be lower than the real one.
If you are based in USA, and use a recipe from a UK-based website or book, you might fall into the same trap.
For example, let’s look at nutritional data for almonds.
USA Almonds nutritional information by US Department of Agriculture |
UK Almonds nutritional information by Tesco (biggest UK supermarket) |
For the US figures, you could apply the formula to calculate net carbs correctly:
21.5g (total carbs) -12.5g (fibre) = 9g (net carbs)
But the UK figure already shows 9g of carbs – this is the net carbs figure, with carbs count already subtracted. If you try to subtract the fibre again, you will end up with a negative number of net carbs – which is clearly incorrect.
Net Carbs Mistake 2 – Relying on net carbs data in diet tracking apps
These regional variances in food labelling create a problem for popular food tracking apps like MyFitnessPal. The app is global, so their food database includes mixture of entries from all over the world.
You have no way of knowing the origin of these entries. So if you use a mixture of US and European data in MyFitnessPal, you are likely to end up with inaccurate carb counts.
Another point to watch out for is user-submitted entries.
Most food databases use the core data from government bodies, food manufacturers and supermarkets. This type of data is usually accurate.
But they also allow users to submit their own foods and recipes. Quite often, this data is not verified for accuracy. Some people don’t bother entering all of the fields accurately. If they are only counting calories, they might not bother entering data for carbs or fibre at all. Or they might be simply careless.
So be aware that some net carbs data in tracking apps might be inaccurate.
The best way to avoid this issue is to use an app that was developed for low-carb dieters like CarbManager, Atkins Carb Counter (US only), KetoDietApp (UK).
FatSecret segregate their app and tool versions by region, which is a more sensible approach.
Net Carbs Mistake 3 – Counting all sugar alcohols (polyols) as indigestible carbs
Another common mistake is discounting all carbs in polyols (sugar alcohols).
Polyols (sugar alcohols) are a sugar substitute, often used in sugar-free sweets. Our bodies cannot process polyols fully, so some of the carbs they contain are not digestible.
People often assume that carbs in all sugar polyols are the same as fibre – not digestible at all. So they subtract the number of carbs in polyols from the total figure, like they do with fibre.
But not all polyols are the same!
Each type has a different carb count: some are very low in net carbs, and some are quite high. They also have different glycemic index.
Common polyols are:
- xylitol
- sorbitol
- malitol
- isomalt
- lactitol
- mannitol
- erythritol
The only one that’s almost completely indigestible is erythritol – its calories and carb count is close to zero.
All other polyols include a portion of digestible carbs, so you can’t just discount them completely.
The best way to check is by looking at the calories information. Calories in a sweetener product can only come from carbohydrates. So if the calories count is not zero, then there must be some digestible carbs involved.
For example:
Truvia Zero Calorie Sweetener is a made from erythritol and Stevia extract. It has 99 total carbs, but none of them are digestible, so the calories count is zero.
TotalSweet sweetener is made from pure xylitol. It has 100 carbs, about 60% of which are digestible. So it has 240 calories and 60g net carbs.
Read more about polyols digestion
Avoid these three mistakes to make sure your carb counts are accurate.
What are your thoughts on protein ice creams like Halo Top? I love keto but struggle with a serious sweet tooth and don’t love cooking/baking myself. I’m based in the UK. Thanks!
What about soluble vs insoluble fiber?
Im a little confused. Its a bit hard to understand. For instance – “But the UK figure already shows 9g of carbs – this is the net carbs figure, with carbs count already subtracted”… OK, so we know that because we have the first example, and you say that this is the case. But how would I know if I randomly picked up a product? Is there any way of telling other than what country its come from? One site suggested that becuase the carbs and fibre are listed separately, this means that we dont subtract the fibre from the carbs in Australia becuase that has already been done. But in your USA example above it also listed separately. I plan on stating Keto in 4 weeks so I’m trying to get my head around everything b4 i start. Thanks
I agree – it is confusing.
Fibre being listed separately is not the key issue.
“becuase the carbs and fibre are listed separately, this means that we dont subtract the fibre from the carbs” – the reason you don’t subtract the fibre in some countries is because the total carbs figure on the label already shows net carbs (i.e. digestible carbs). Fibre has already been excluded – but it may still be listed on the label for your information.
So it comes down to whether the total carb count shown on the packet includes the fibre count (as is the case in USA), or excludes it (as is the case in Europe and Australia). This depends on local regulations with regards to food labelling.
So yes, if you are not sure which country the product comes from, you would need to double check this information. And then figure out the label rules based on that.
Here’s some info about this on the Atkins website: https://sa.atkins.com/blog/carb-counting-in-australia-and-nz-it-differs-from-the-usa/
Look at the spelling. Fibre is a UK product and fiber is a USA product.
So you can deduct fiber but not fibre.
Thank you for this information.
What about blanxart chocolate. The company is based out of Barcelona so this kind of changes things looking at their nutritional info.
Looks like a great brand – I haven’t heard of them before, so thanks for letting me know. Regarding net carbs, Spain is part of the EU, so they will be following European nutritional labeling rules: NET CARBS = TOTAL CARBS.
http://www.cavalier.be/Dark-21
Are the net carbs negative in this? Or are the Belgians following US style or UK style labelling? Thanks in advance
Hi Brad,
The UK and all European countries are the same – labels show carbs with fibre already subtracted.
I am actually a fan of Cavalier brand – they are very good because they use erythritol, the only polyol that’s truly zero-carb.
For this particular product (Cavalier dark chocolate bar), fiber has already been subtracted from the labels’ carb count, but we can further subtract polyols count (as it is erythritol).
So net carbs would be 18.7-8.7 = 10g net carbs per 100g.
So you can easily afford a few squares. Not bad for premium Belgian chocolate!
So take a Lily’s chocolate bar for example.
The creamy milk has:
Carbs 22g
Fiber 12g
Sugars 1g
Erythritol 7g
Would you say 22 -12 -7 to get your net carbs?
What if the product has:
Carbs 22g
Fiber 12g
Sugar 10g
Would you say 22 – 12 – 5 (half the sugar)? I ask because I read on a website for diabetics that you could subtract half the amount of sugar if it was 5g and more.
I started keto about a week ago and want to make sure I am doing this right.
Hi Charity
In your first example, for Lily’s creamy milk, the calculation looks correct, because both fiber and erythritol are not digestible. So yes, I would say 3g net carbs in total (22-12-7=3).
For your second example, I would read it as 10g net carbs (22-12=10), because sugar is definitely digestible (unlike fiber or erythritol).
I am not sure about this method you mention of subtracting half sugar – never heard of it. If you send me a link, I can check how it fits with the usual net carbs calculations.
Best of luck with Keto!